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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 83: 1-9, 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468896

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have suggested that arsenic crosses the placenta and affects the fetus development. The study under consideration aims to show comparative ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and flower extracts against sodium arsenate induced fetus toxicity of mice. Pregnant mice (N=44) were kept in lab and divided into eleven group from (A to K) and were orally administered the doses 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg for sodium arsenate, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (MOLE) and 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg for Moringa oleifera flower extracts (MOFE) comparing with control. The investigation revealed evident reduction in the fetuses weight, hind limb, fore limb, tail and snout length, crown rump and head circumferences well as malformations in tail, feet, arms, legs, skin and eyes in the negative control group (only administered with sodium arsenate). Co-administration of sodium arsenate with MOLE and MOFE ameliorate the reversed effect of sodium arsenate on the shape, length, body weight and DNA damage of fetus significantly at 95% confidence interval. However, Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed more significant results in comparison to Moringa oleifera flower extract. Hence concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract ameliorated the embryo toxic effects of sodium arsenate and can be used against environmental teratogens.


Estudos anteriores sugeriram que o arsênio atravessa a placenta e afeta o desenvolvimento do feto. O estudo em consideração visa mostrar o efeito melhorador comparativo de extratos de folhas e flores de Moringa oleifera contra a toxicidade fetal induzida por arseniato de sódio em camundongos. Camundongos grávidas (N = 44) foram mantidos em laboratório e divididos em 11 grupos (de A a K) e foram administrados por via oral nas doses de 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg para arseniato de sódio, 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOLE) e 150 mg/kg e 300 mg/kg para extratos de flores de Moringa oleifera (MOFE) em comparação com o controle. A investigação revelou redução evidente no peso do feto, membro posterior, membro anterior, comprimento da cauda e focinho, coroa, nádega e circunferência da cabeça, bem como malformações na cauda, pés, braços, pernas, pele e olhos no grupo de controle negativo (apenas administrado com arseniato de sódio). A coadministração de arseniato de sódio com MOLE e MOFE melhora significativamente o efeito reverso do arseniato de sódio na forma, comprimento, peso corporal e dano ao DNA do feto, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. No entanto, o extrato da folha da Moringa oleifera apresentou resultados mais significativos em comparação ao extrato da flor da Moringa oleifera. Portanto, concluiu que o extrato da folha de Moringa oleifera melhorou os efeitos tóxicos do arseniato de sódio para o embrião e pode ser usado contra teratógenos ambientais.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Pregnancy , Mice , Arsenates/toxicity , Comet Assay/veterinary , Fetus/abnormalities , Fetus/drug effects , Prenatal Injuries/veterinary , Moringa oleifera/embryology
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e252071, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1440790

ABSTRACT

Este artigo analisou a percepção e os sentimentos de casais sobre o atendimento recebido nos serviços de saúde acessados em função de perda gestacional (óbito fetal ante e intraparto). O convite para a pesquisa foi divulgado em mídias sociais (Instagram e Facebook). Dos 66 casais que contataram a equipe, 12 participaram do estudo, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em 2018. Os casais responderam conjuntamente a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, realizada presencialmente (n=4) ou por videochamada (n=8). Os dados foram gravados em áudio e posteriormente transcritos. A Análise Temática indutiva das entrevistas identificou cinco temas: sentimento de impotência, iatrogenia vivida nos serviços, falta de cuidado em saúde mental, não reconhecimento da perda como evento com consequências emocionais negativas, e características do bom atendimento. Os achados demonstraram situações de violência, comunicação deficitária, desvalorização das perdas precoces, falta de suporte para contato com o bebê falecido e rotinas pouco humanizadas, especialmente durante a internação após a perda. Para aprimorar a assistência às famílias enlutadas, sugere-se qualificação profissional, ampliação da visibilidade do tema entre diferentes atores e reorganização dos serviços, considerando uma diretriz clínica para atenção ao luto perinatal, com destaque para o fortalecimento da inserção de equipes de saúde mental no contexto hospitalar.(AU)


This study analyzed couples' perceptions and feelings about pregnancy loss care (ante and intrapartum fetal death). A research invitation was published on social media (Instagram and Facebook) and data collection took place in 2018. Of the 66 couples who contacted the research team, 12 participated in the study by filling a sociodemographic questionnaire and answering a semi-structured interview in person (n=04) or by video call (n=08). All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and examined by Inductive Thematic Analysis, which identified five themes: feelings of impotence, iatrogenic experiences in health services, lack of mental health care, not recognizing pregnancy loss as an emotionally overwhelming event, and aspects of good healthcare. Analysis showed experiences of violence, poor communication, devaluation of early losses, lack of support for contact with the deceased baby, and dehumanizing routines, especially during hospitalization after loss. Professional qualification, extended pregnancy loss visibility among different stakeholders, and reorganization of health services are needed to improve the care offered to grieving families, considering a clinical guideline for perinatal grief care with emphasis on strengthening the insertion of mental health teams in the hospital context.(AU)


Este estudio analizó las percepciones y sentimientos de parejas sobre la atención recibida en los servicios de salud a los que accedieron debido a la pérdida del embarazo (muerte fetal ante e intraparto). La invitación al estudio se publicó en las redes sociales (Instagram y Facebook). De las 66 parejas que se contactaron con el equipo, 12 participaron en el estudio, cuya recolección de datos se realizó en 2018. Las parejas respondieron un formulario de datos sociodemográficos y realizaron una entrevista semiestructurada presencialmente (n=4) o por videollamada (n=08). Los datos se grabaron en audio para su posterior transcripción. El análisis temático inductivo identificó cinco temas: Sentimiento de impotencia, experiencias iatrogénicas en los servicios, falta de atención a la salud mental, falta de reconocimiento de la pérdida como un evento con consecuencias emocionales negativas y características de buena atención. Los hallazgos evidenciaron situaciones de violencia, comunicación deficiente, desvalorización de las pérdidas tempranas, falta de apoyo para el contacto con el bebé fallecido y rutinas poco humanizadas, especialmente durante la hospitalización tras la pérdida. Para mejorar la atención a las familias en duelo, se sugiere capacitación profesional, ampliación de la visibilidad del tema entre los diferentes actores y reorganización de los servicios, teniendo en cuenta una guía clínica para la atención del duelo perinatal, enfocada en fortalecer la inserción de los equipos de salud mental en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , Child Health Services , Mental Health , Humanization of Assistance , Fetal Death , Pain , Parents , Pediatrics , Perinatology , Placenta Diseases , Prejudice , Prenatal Care , Psychology , Psychology, Medical , Public Policy , Quality of Health Care , Reproduction , Syndrome , Congenital Abnormalities , Torture , Uterine Contraction , Birth Injuries , Maternity Allocation , Labor, Obstetric , Trial of Labor , Adaptation, Psychological , Abortion, Spontaneous , Child Care , Maternal-Child Nursing , Refusal to Treat , Women's Health , Patient Satisfaction , Parenting , Parental Leave , Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation , Privacy , Depression, Postpartum , Credentialing , Affect , Crying , Curettage , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Access to Information , Ethics, Clinical , Humanizing Delivery , Abortion, Threatened , Denial, Psychological , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Parturition , Labor Pain , Premature Birth , Prenatal Injuries , Fetal Mortality , Abruptio Placentae , Violence Against Women , Abortion , User Embracement , Ethics, Professional , Stillbirth , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Nuchal Cord , Resilience, Psychological , Reproductive Physiological Phenomena , Fear , Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications , Fertility , Fetal Diseases , Prescription Drug Misuse , Hope , Prenatal Education , Courage , Psychological Trauma , Professionalism , Psychosocial Support Systems , Frustration , Sadness , Respect , Psychological Distress , Obstetric Violence , Family Support , Obstetricians , Guilt , Health Services Accessibility , Hospitals, Maternity , Obstetric Labor Complications , Labor, Induced , Anger , Loneliness , Love , Midwifery , Mothers , Nursing Care
3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-908127

ABSTRACT

Introducción: 1 a 2 de cada 1.000 recién nacidos tienen una pérdida auditiva neurosensorial significativa. De las deficiencias auditivas congénitas, el 50% resultan de infecciones en el embarazo y/o parto; como las provocadas por: Toxoplasmosis, rubéola, citomegalovirus, herpes y sífilis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática de artículos utilizando bibliotecas virtuales y libros de texto de relevancia dentro de la especialidad. Resultados: La rubéola en mujeres susceptibles puede producir el síndrome de rubéola congénita. La sordera es la manifestación más frecuente de la enfermedad y es la secuela más importante. El 15% de los niños infectados por Citomegalovirus padecen una pérdida auditiva por daño coclear y alteraciones en el sistema nervioso central al nacer. Otro 15% pueden desarrollar luego del nacimiento hipoacusia, retardo mental o dificultades en el desarrollo del lenguaje y del aprendizaje. Aproximadamente el 80% de los recién nacidos infectados por toxoplasmosis son asintomáticos; el resto presentará manifestaciones clínicas de afectación sistémica incluyendo compromiso auditivo como parte del cuadro. La infección por Herpes simple suele ser devastadora en el recién nacido. Se ha descrito hipoacusia en más del 50% de los casos. La sordera se asocia frecuentemente con la sífilis congénita. Junto con la queratitis intersticial y las malformaciones dentarias, forma parte de la tríada de Hutchinson. Conclusiones: La hipoacusia es un problema de gran importancia en la infancia. Las infecciones agrupadas en el término TORCHS causan hipoacusia neurosensorial adquirida en forma prenatal, dando lugar a sorderas presentes al nacer o de desarrollo diferido o progresivo.


Introduction: 1 to 2 of every 1,000 newborns have significant sensorineural hearing loss. From all the congenital hearing empairments, 50% take place during pregnancy and/or childbirth; such as those caused by: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes and syphilis. Methods: A systematic literature research was performed using virtual libraries and relevant specialty textbooks. Results: Rubella in susceptible women may cause congenital rubella syndrome. Deafness is the most common manifestation of the disease and is the most important sequel. 15% of those children infected with Cytomegalovirus children suffer hearing loss from cochlear damage and alterations in the central nervous system at birth. Another 15% can then develop birth hearing loss, mental retardation or difficulties in language development and learning. Approximately 80% of newborns infected with toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic; the rest will present clinical manifestations of systemic disease including hearing impairment as part of the picture. Herpes simplex infection is devastating in the new born. Hearing loss has been described in over 50% of cases. Deafness is often associated with congenital syphilis. Along with interstitial keratitis and dental malformations, it is part of the Hutchinson triad. Conclusions: Hearing loss is a major problem in childhood. Gathered as TORCHS acquired infections cause sensorineural hearing loss prenatally, resulting in hearing loss present at birth or deferred or progressive development.


Introdução: 1 a 2 em cada 1.000 recém-nascidos têm perda auditiva neurossensorial significativo. Das deficiências auditivas congênitas, 50% das infecções resultar em gravidez e / ou parto; tais como aquelas causadas por: toxoplasmose, rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes e sífilis. Métodos: Uma busca sistemática da literatura foi realizada utilizando bibliotecas virtuais e livros relevantes no art. Resultados: A rubéola em mulheres suscetíveis pode causar a síndrome da rubéola congênita. A surdez é a manifestação mais comum da doença e é a sequela mais importante. 15% das crianças infectadas com Citomegalovírus sofrer perda de audição de danos e alterações coclear no sistema nervoso central no nascimento. Outros 15% podem desenvolver perda auditiva nascimento, retardo mental ou dificuldades no desenvolvimento da linguagem e aprendizagem. Cerca de 80% dos recém-nascidos infectados com toxoplasmose é assintomática; o resto vai apresentar manifestações clínicas da doença sistêmica, incluindo a deficiência auditiva como parte da imagem. Infecção Herpes simplex geralmente devastadores no recém-nascido. A perda de audição tem sido descrita em mais de 50% dos casos. A surdez é frequentemente associada a sífilis congênita. Junto com ceratite intersticial e malformações dentárias, faz parte da tríade Hutchinson. Conclusões: A perda auditiva é um problema grave na infância. Agrupados nas infecções TORCHS causam perda auditiva neurossensorial pré-natal, resultando em perda auditiva presente no nascimento ou em diferido ou desenvolvimento progressivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/prevention & control , Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications , Herpes Simplex/complications , Prenatal Injuries/etiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Syphilis, Congenital/complications , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/complications
4.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(11): 882-888, nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-767753

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Brucella abortus e as lesões causadas por esse agente nos anexos fetais e nos fetos de búfalas. Para isso, 20 búfalas em diversos meses de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, foram submetidas ao abate sanitário. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Do útero fechado desses animais foram coletadas amostras para histopatologia e qPCR. A partir do segundo mês de gestação foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de B. abortus em líquido amniótico, líquido alantoide e em útero e, a partir do quinto mês, na placenta, coração, baço, rim, pulmão, intestino, fígado e linfonodos dos fetos. Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram placentite fibrinopurulenta necrótica e endometrite supurativa crônica...


The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus and injuries caused by the bacteria in fetal membranes and fetuses. Twenty buffaloes serologically positive for brucellosis were used and subjected to stamping for collection of material from the closed uterus of several months gestation. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. The samples were subjected to histopathology and qPCR. From the second month of pregnancy on it was possible to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in amniotic fluid, allantoic liquid and uterus, and from the fifth month on in placenta, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, liver and lymph nodes of the fetuses. The main pathological findings were fibrinous suppurative necrotic placentitis, and chronic endometritis...


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella abortus/isolation & purification , Buffaloes/injuries , Prenatal Injuries/diagnosis , Prenatal Injuries/veterinary , Brucellosis/veterinary , Placenta Diseases/veterinary , Endometritis/veterinary , Pregnancy, Animal , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
5.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 7(2): 163-173, Jan.-June 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-718324

ABSTRACT

This case study describes the outcomes of a Saturday community intervention program for children suspected of or affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol who exhibited learning deficits. Five children participated in the program and received individualized interventions designed to address learning and academic deficits in either reading or mathematics. Often children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure exhibit deficits with executive processes, including metacognitive functioning, that interfere with learning. Instruction to improve metacognitive skills was incorporated into the intervention programs. The metacognitive training was adapted from the Math Interactive Learning Experience (MILE) and targeted the children's skills to plan, organize, shift, and evaluate problem solving strategies. Standardized tests of nonverbal reasoning and academic achievement were administered before and after the children received interventions to measure progress. The results indicated that four of the five children who participated in the program showed clinically significant gains with scores increasing from the borderline or low average to the average range on measures of nonverbal reasoning, reading comprehension, or mathematics reasoning. One child showed no gains on measures of nonverbal reasoning and reading. A variety of factors including age, cognitive profile, session attendance, and access to special education and other intervention services may have influenced the child's progress. Overall, the case reviews suggest that the interventions show promise to remediate learning problems of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure in a community setting...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Executive Function , Prenatal Injuries , Rehabilitation Services , Aptitude Tests , Cognition Disorders
6.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 35(9): 427-431, set. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-690695

ABSTRACT

Crime and violence have become a public health problem. Pregnant women have not been the exception and gunshot injuries occupy an important place as a cause of trauma. An important fact is that pregnant women, who suffer trauma, are special patients because pregnancy causes physiological and anatomical changes. Management of these patients should be multidisciplinary, by the general surgeon, the obstetrician and the neonatologist. However, even trauma referral centers could neither have the staff nor the ideal training for these specific cases. In this context we present the following case.


Crime e violência tornaram-se um problema de Saúde Pública. As mulheres grávidas não constituem exceção e ferimentos por arma de fogo ocupam um lugar importante como causa de trauma. Um fato importante é que as mulheres grávidas que sofrem um trauma são pacientes especiais, porque a gravidez provoca modificações fisiológicas e anatômicas importantes. O manejo dessas pacientes deve ser multidisciplinar, realizado pelo cirurgião geral, pelo obstetra e pelo neonatologista. No entanto, até mesmo centros de referência de trauma poderiam nem ter o pessoal nem a formação ideal para esses casos específicos. Neste contexto, apresentamos o seguinte caso.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Prenatal Injuries/etiology , Uterus/injuries , Wounds, Gunshot
7.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 6(1): 31-38, Jan.-June 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-687862

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated whether late maternal inflammation disrupts the mother/pup interaction, resulting in long-lasting effects on pup behavior and alterations in biological pathways, thereby programming prepubertal behavior and the pups' inflammatory responses after bacterial endotoxin treatment. Female rats received 100 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or .9% saline solution on gestation day 18. Reproductive performance was observed at birth. On lactation days (LD) 5 and LD 6, respectively, maternal behavior and maternal aggressive behavior were assessed. In pups, maternal odor preference on LD 7, open field behavior on LD 21, and serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels after LPS challenge on LD 21 were investigated. The results showed that prenatal LPS exposure improved maternal care and reduced maternal aggressive behavior but did not alter maternal reproductive performance. Male offspring exhibited increased body weights at birth and reduced maternal odor preference. Lipopolysaccharide challenge increased the duration of immobility in the open field and induced a slight increase in serum TNF-α levels. Prenatal exposure to LPS during late pregnancy improved maternal care, reduced maternal olfactory preference, and induced TNF-α hyporesponsiveness to a single dose of LPS in pups.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Maternal Behavior , Prenatal Injuries , Reproduction , Olfactory Perception
8.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(5): e99-e102, oct. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657483

ABSTRACT

Los traumatismos encefalocraneanos in útero son extremadamente raros y suelen ser consecuencia de lesiones penetrantes a través de la pared torácica o abdominal, que alcanzan la cavidad uterina. Los originados a través de la vagina se han comunicado excepcionalmente. Se presenta el caso de un feto que padeció traumatismo encefalocraneano penetrante, con fractura de la bóveda craneal y hemorragia intraventricular tras la introducción violenta de un objeto contundente a través de la vagina por parte de su madre. La ruptura traumática de las membranas ovulares desencadenó el trabajo de parto pretérmino. Tras el nacimiento, se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico de la fractura deprimida y desbridamiento de la herida; sin embargo, el paciente falleció cuatro semanas más tarde a causa de sepsis neonatal. El tratamiento de estos casos no solo deber ser dirigido a la corrección de las lesiones traumáticas primarias sino también a la prevención de las complicaciones infecciosas.


In utero head traumas are extremely rare and are usually caused by penetrating injuries in the thoracic or abdominal wall that affect the uterine cavity. Transvaginal fetal head injuries have been reported in exceptional cases. This is a case-report of a fetus affected by penetrating head trauma with skull fracture and intra-ventricular hemorrhage after his mother's self-insertion of a blunt object, violently through the vagina. Trauma disrupted the integrity of intrauterine membranes and precipitated preterm labor. After birth, there was a debridement of the scalp and surgical management of the fracture was performed; nevertheless, the patient died four weeks later, due to neonatal sepsis. Management of these wounds must not only be focused on repairing the primary wound, but on preventing the infectious complications.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Prenatal Injuries/etiology , Self Mutilation/complications , Wounds, Penetrating/complications , Vagina
9.
Rev. med. (Säo Paulo) ; 90(2): 60-67, abr.-jun. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747269

ABSTRACT

A reparação cutânea fetal tem atraído atenção de muitos pesquisadores. A cura da ferida no feto é única, pois feridas da pele fetal reparam-se rapidamente sem formação de cicatrizes. Conduzimos, neste estudo, uma revisão da literatura referente ao processo de reparo cutâneo da pele fetal comparando-o ao reparo após o nascimento. A resposta fisiológica às lesões cutâneas, ocorridas no período pós-natal, é a reparação do tegumento o que pode resultar na formação de tecido cicatricial. Entretanto, fetos em fase precoce de gestação respondem à mesma situação com regeneração completa da pele. Para explicar essa diferença, vários fatores, como produção aumentada de colágeno III por fibroblastos fetais e maior presença desse tipo de colágeno nas peles desses fetos têm sido considerados. O aumento do ácido hialurônico na matriz fetal correlaciona-se à capacidade de migração dos fibroblastos na reparação sem cicatriz. Miofibroblastos surgem na ferida fetal somente a partir do momento da gestação em que se formam cicatrizes. Além disso, observou-se o aumento na quantidade de moléculas de adesão na reparação sem cicatriz, o que aumentaria adesão e migração celular. Menores níveis de bTGF1 nas feridas fetais são correlacionados à diminuição na quantidade de colágeno I e podem ser resultado de maior expressão relativa de bTGF3, que inibe o bTGF1. Tem sido demonstrado que o ambiente hipóxico na ferida fetal conjuntamente com aumento das células Dot sanguíneas, podem estar relacionados à diferença no reparo. Expressões gênicas distintas guiam essas diferentes respostas e também podem ajudar a elucidar a regeneração cutânea fetal.


Fetal skin repair has attracted attention of many researchers. The fetal wound healing is unique because fetal skin wounds are repaired rapidly and without scarring. In this review, a study was conducted concerning the healing process in fetal skin compared to the repair after birth. The physiological response to skin lesions after birth is scarring. In comparison fetuses in early stages of gestation respond to the same degree of damage with complete regeneration of the skin. To explain the different outcome, several factors such as increased production of collagen III by fetal fibroblasts and the increased presence of this type of collagen in the skins of fetuses have been considered. The increased amount of hyaluronic acid in the fetal matrix is correlated to the greater capacity of migration of fibroblasts in scarless repair. Myofibroblasts arise in the wound over the 24th week of pregnancy when scars begin to be formed. In addition, there is an increase in the amount of adhesion molecules in the scarless repair, which would enhance cell adhesion and migration. Lower levels of fetal wounds bTGF1 can be correlated to the reduced amount of type I collagen and may be the result of higher relative expression of bTGF3, which down regulate bTGF1. Hypoxic environment of the fetus wound and the increased amount of fetal Dot blood cells can be claimed to explain the difference in the repair process. Distinct gene expressions guide these responses and may also help elucidate the scarless fetal skin regeneration.


Subject(s)
Wound Healing , Fetus/physiology , Prenatal Injuries/rehabilitation , Regeneration
10.
Femina ; 39(1): 5-8, jan. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-594044

ABSTRACT

A prematuridade é um dos maiores problemas da obstetrícia contemporânea. Possui etiologia multifatorial e sua incidência se mantém elevada em todo o mundo apesar das propostas terapêuticas e assistenciais. A escolha da melhor via de parto para o nascituro pré-termo é um dos aspectos fundamentais para a obtenção de melhores resultados neonatais. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar a escolha da melhor via de parto para o feto prematuro em apresentação cefálica. Artigos observacionais e de revisão sistemática mostraram-se polêmicos, suferindo a necessidade de novos estudos com metodologia prospectiva. Concluímos que a cesariana não deve ser recomendada como estratégia benéfica rotineira para esses fetos com vistas a diminuir morbidade e mortalidade neonatais na ausência de outras indicações obstétricas para a realização do parto por via alta.


Prematuriry is one of the biggest problems of the contemporary obstetrics. It has multifactor etiology and its incidence remains high incidence all over the world despite proposals of assistance and therapeutics. Choosing the best mode of delivery for the premature infant is a fundamental aspect to reach the best neonatal results. The objective of this review was to evaluate the choice of the best mode of delivery for the preterm vertex fetuses. Observational articles and systematic reviews proved to be con troversial, suggesting the need for further studies using prospective methodology. We have come to the conclusion that cesarean section should not be recommended as routine beneficial strategy for these fetuses, aiming at reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality, in the absence of other obstetric indications for this mode of delivery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Breech Presentation , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cesarean Section , Infant, Premature , Labor Presentation , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Delivery, Obstetric , Prenatal Injuries/prevention & control
11.
Femina ; 38(10)out. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574507

ABSTRACT

A cesárea do prematuro extrema em apresentação cefálica tem sido proposta como estratégia obstétrica para melhorar os resultados neonatais em situações em que o nascimento é necessário ou inevitável. Os benefícios propostos para esse grupo de recém-nascidos incluem o menor risco de estresse causado pelas contrações uterinas do trabalho de parto e dos possíveis traumas decorrentes da passagem pelo canal vaginal. Sobre o tema, alguns estudos retrospectivos e observacionais foram publicados com resultados conflitantes. As evidências não são consistentes e conclusivas o suficiente para recomendar a cesárea, e há necessidade de estudos prospectivos para verificar os benefícios da via abdominal para essa população. Estudos retrospectivos sugerem fortemente que a cesárea é a melhor via de parto para os prematuros em apresentação pélvica, embora não tenham sido realizados estudos prospectivos para confirmar esses achados.


Cesarean delivery of the very preterm cephalic fetuses has been proposed as an obstetric strategy to improve neonatal outcome in situations in which preterm delivery is necessary or inevitable. The purported benefits of cesarean section to this group of infants include avoiding the stress of labor contractions and the potential trauma of passage through the birth canal. A number of retrospective and observational studies have also shown conflicting results. The evidence is not strong and conclusive enough to recommend routine cesarean delivery so further prospective studies are warranted to assess the potential benefit of cesarean delivery in this population. Retrospective studies strongly support cesarean delivery as the method of choice for a preterm breech presentation even though prospective randomized trials have not been conducted to confirm this concept.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Breech Presentation , Cesarean Section/economics , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Cesarean Section , Infant, Premature , Labor Presentation , Obstetric Labor, Premature , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects , Delivery, Obstetric , Prenatal Injuries/prevention & control
12.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 118(2): 119-126, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-679009

ABSTRACT

El embarazo en madres adolescentes constituye un serio problema de salud pública, debido a su alta prevalencia y a su asociación con una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal. Con el objetivo de identificar los factores asociados con un resultado perinatal adverso y evaluar su capacidad de predicción del pronóstico en madres adolescentes, se diseño un estudio tipo casos-controles. La población seleccionada incluyo 600 madres y sus hijos, distribuidos en dos grupos: casos (n=120, resultado perinatal adverso) y controles (n=480, resultados perinatal no adverso). La identificación de los factores de riesgo se hizo mediante la estimulación de la razón de probabilidades (RP) y por análisis multivariado discriminante. Las variables con la mayor asociación con un pronóstico perinatal desfavorable fueron edad ginecológica menor de 3 años (RP 3,69), falta de control prenatal (RP 3,11), presentación no cefálica (RP 2,74), complicaciones médicas en embarazo (RP 2,26), complicaciones en embarazos previos (RP 2,15), soltería (RP 1,81) y parto vaginal (RP 1,72). El modelo predictivo, obtenido a través del análisis multivariado, mostró una sensibilidad moderada (65%) y una alta especificidad (92%). El conocimiento y el control de estos factores puede mejorar la eficacia de los programas prenatales preventivos en embarazadas adolescentes. En la población analizada, parece importante la prevención de la actividad sexual precoz y de las uniones inestables, la promoción de un cuidado prenatal especializado para la adolescente, y un tratamiento enérgico de las complicaciones gestacionales y del parto(A)


Adolescent pregnancy is a serious health problem because of its high prevalence and association with increased perinatal mortality. In order to identify risk factors related to a poor perinatal outcome in teenage mothers and measure their predictive value, a case-control study was carried out. 600 adolescent mothers and their infants were analyzed and allocated into two groups: cases (n=120, adverse perinatal autcome) and controls (n=480, non-adverse perinatal autcome). Identification of risk factor was achieved through estimation of odds rations (OR) and multivariate analysis. Variables with the highest OR associated to poor perinatal outcome were gynecologic age less than 3 years (OR 3.69), no prenatal control (OR 3.11), non-cephalic presentation (OR 2.74), medical complications in pregnancy (OR 2.26), history of complications in previous pregnancies (OR 2.26), single status (OR 1.81), and vaginal delivery (OR 1.72). The predictive model, obtained from the multivariate discriminant analysis, showed a moderate sensitivity (65%) and a high specificity (92%). These finding may improve the efficacy of perinatal programs designed for adolescent mothers. Prevention of early sexual activity and unstable relationships, promotion of specialized prenatal care for this age, and vigorous treatment of antenatal and intrapartum complications appear to be important for the decrease of perinatal morbility and mortality in the analyzed population


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Pregnancy , Contraception , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Malnutrition/etiology , Prenatal Injuries/physiopathology , Perinatal Mortality/trends , Multivariate Analysis , Socioeconomic Factors , Stillbirth , Public Health/statistics & numerical data
13.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 54(2): 162-168, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685602

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Os tocotraumatismos maternos e fetais, por estarem diretamente vinculados à morbiletalidade, constituem tema importante na área perinatológica. Conhecer a real incidência desse evento torna-se importante para eventuais correções de condutas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência e os tipos de tocotraumatismos materno e fetal na população usuária de um hospital universitário nível III. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal, que envolveu gestantes no período de julho/2004 a dezembro/2005. Foram avaliadas variáveis maternas e neonatais. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS 16.0 para analisar as médias, desvios padrões e percentuais. Resultados: Em 2.137 nascimentos foram identificados 25 casos (1,2%) de tocotraumatismo fetal e 34 (1,6%) de tocotraumatismo materno. Dentre os tocotraumatismos fetais, a via de parto predominante foi a vaginal (88%) e a média da idade materna foi de 25,1±5,8 anos. O peso fetal médio foi de 3.366,4g±696,3g. As lesões leves foram as mais observadas (n=16; 64%). A fratura de clavícula foi o tocotraumatismo mais prevalente, seguido do céfalo-hematoma. Dentre os tocotraumatismos maternos, 33 nascimentos ocorreram via vaginal (97,1%) e a média da idade materna foi de 26,6±7,1 anos. O peso fetal médio foi de 3.152,9g ± 507,8g. As lesões mais observadas foram as de fúrcula vaginal (n=19; 55,9%). Conclusão: Dentre os casos de tocotraumatismo fetal (1,2%), as lesões do tipo leve e superficial foram as mais observadas, prevalecendo a fratura de clavícula. Dentre os casos de tocotraumatismos maternos (1,6%), as lacerações do 1.o e 2.o graus foram as mais prevalentes


Introduction: Because the maternal and fetal birth injuries are directly linked to morbidity/mortality, they are a major theme in the perinatal field. To get to know the real incidence of such events becomes important in order to correct any misconducts. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the types of maternal and fetal birth injuries in the population cared for at a tertiary referral university hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving pregnant women in the Jul/2004-Dec/2005 period. Maternal and neonatal variables were evaluated. Statistical software SPSS 16.0 was used in the analysis of means, standard deviations, and percentages. Results: Of 2.137 births, 25 cases (1.2%) of fetal and 34 (1.6%) cases of maternal birth injuries were reported. Among the fetal birth injuries, vaginal childbirth was the prevailing route of delivery (88%) and the mean maternal age was 25.1±5.8 years. The mean birth weight was 3.366.4g±696.3g. Minor lesions were the most prevalent ones (n=16; 64%). Fracture of the clavicle was the commonest injury, followed by cephalhematoma. Among the maternal birth injuries, 33 were through vaginal childbirth (97.1%) and the mean maternal age was 26.6±7.1 years. The mean birth weight was 3.152.9g±507.8g. The commonest injuries were those to the vaginal furcula (n=19; 55.9%). Conclusion: Among the cases of fetal birth injury (1.2%), minor, superficial lesions were the most frequent ones, with fracture of the clavicle prevailing. Among the maternal birth injuries (1.6%), 1st and 2nd degree lacerations were the most prevalent


Subject(s)
Epidemiology , Pregnancy , Incidence , Prenatal Injuries/epidemiology , Prevalence , Birth Injuries/epidemiology , Birth Injuries/prevention & control
14.
JAMC-Journal of Ayub Medical College-Abbotabad-Pakistan. 2010; 22 (4): 41-45
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-131315

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship of various selected prenatal circumstances to pregnancy outcome in particular reference to congenital anomalies. It was a cross-sectional analytical study and conducted at unit 'A' of the Department of Obs/Gyn, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from January to December 2009. The analysis included data on all women having pregnancies with adverse outcome and various congenital anomalies during the study period 1[st] January to 31[st] December 2009. A hospital-based maternal health data was used from history records and direct interviewing of the patients subject to their availability and information were recorded for all the cases on structured proformae. The data included demographic details, social environment, consanguinity, ovulation induction, drug intake during early pregnancy, exposure to radiation, infection during early pregnancy, complications of pregnancy, prematurity, obstetrical variables, congenital anomalies and materno-foetal morbidity and mortality. Findings at prenatal visits and data regarding prior pregnancies and morbidity among other children are also abstracted from obstetrical and medical charts. In case of the newborn, the neonatal chart abstract has proved to be a more complete source of information on congenital anomalies. The data was entered on SPSS-10 and the analysis included simple proportions and rates. Out of a total of 5,082 deliveries 163 [3.2%] were complicated by various congenital anomalies with prepondrence of neural tube defects notably the hydrocephalous [33.4%] and Anencephaly [29.2%]. Most of the mothers were un-booked and uneducated [90%]. Eighty- eight [54%] women were in there twenties, thirty [22%] with >/= 35 years of age and only 9%in the teenage group. About 36% of the deliveries in the study population are among primigravida. Four cases [3.1%] had history of exposure to some non-specific radiation due to the locality of there house. Almost 21% of couples had cousin marriage. Regarding drug intake no specific link could be demonstrated as 45% took nothing while the remaining took the multivitamins and tonics only. Only 4 cases [2.5%] had taken assisted conception in the form of clomiphene citrate. About 34 per cent of the multigravida with antepartum bleeding reported that their last prior pregnancy ended in a foetal death or prematurely born infant. The corresponding figure for all multigravida women was 21 per cent. However, prior pregnancy history does not explain the more adverse risk associated with APB. These results together provide information to physicians and genetic counsellors to realise contribution of congenital abnormalities and setting priorities of screening individual cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Prenatal Injuries , Prenatal Care , Congenital Abnormalities , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hydrocephalus , Anencephaly
15.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 69(3): 193-203, sep. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631396

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años de edad, procedente del Estado Barinas, II gesta, la cual presenta un embarazo gemelar monocorial, donde el primer feto tuvo desarrollo normal y falleció por dificultad respiratoria en el período neonatal y el segundo, fue un feto acardio anceps. Al examinar el feto se observó ausencia de corazón y pulmones, cerebro rudimentario y anomalías de las extremidades. La disección reveló epidermis con abundantes células vacuolizadas, dermis edematosa y ausencia del epiplón mayor. Los genitales externos femeninos estaban bien desarrollados. El examen radiológico mostró un cráneo pequeño, osificación de columna vertebral y anomalías óseas de manos y pies. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura sobre acardia en los últimos 30 años


We presente the case of a 23 year old patient, from Barinas State, II gravida, with a twin monochorial pregnancy, a normal fetus who died for respiratory distress in neonatal period and the other one, was an acardio anceps. The acardius presented absence of heart and lungs, a rudimentary brain, and anomalies of extremities. The dissection showed epidermis with numerous vacuolized cells, edematous dermis and absence of mayor epiploon. The external female genitals were well developed. Radiological screening showed a rudimentary cranium and anomalies of the hands and feet. We reviewed the last 30 years of acardia literature


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy, Multiple , Fetus/abnormalities , Prenatal Injuries/diagnosis , Prenatal Injuries/mortality , Fetofetal Transfusion/complications , Diseases in Twins/complications , Diseases in Twins/mortality
16.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 69(3): 204-207, sep. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631397

ABSTRACT

Se describe un caso de síndrome de Ballantyne de una paciente de 33 años con embarazo de 33 semanas quien consultó por presentar edema en miembros inferiores, cefalea y escotomas. La ecografía fetal demostró la presencia de feto único en presentación cefálica, edema de cuero cabelludo, hidronefrosis, gran cantidad de líquido en cavidad abdominal y torácica fetal acompañado de compresión del corazón y los pulmones hacia la columna vertebral, realizándose el diagnóstico de hidrops fetal. Se realizó cesárea por sufrimiento fetal agudo obteniendo un recién nacido con edema generalizado. El examen patológico de la placenta confirmó el diagnóstico por la presencia de vellosidades hidrópicas e inmadurasAU)


A case of Ballantyne syndrome is described in a 33 years-old patient with a 33 weeks pregnancy who consulted for presenting lower limbs edema, headache and blurred vision. Fetal ultrasonography showed the presence of cephalic unique fetus, scalp edema, hydronephrosis, large amount of fluid in fetal abdominal and thoracic cavities accompanied with hearth and lungs compression to spinal cord, diagnosing fetal hydrops. Cesarean section was performed due to acute fetal distress obtaining a newborn with generalized edema. Pathological examination of placenta confirmed the presence on hydropic and immature placental villi


Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Fetal Development/physiology , Hydrops Fetalis/diagnosis , Placenta/abnormalities , Ascites/pathology , Prenatal Injuries , Arterial Pressure
17.
Kasmera ; 37(1): 16-24, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630924

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de establecer la frecuencia de anticuerpos IgA e IgM anti-C-trachomatis en mujeres embarazadas se realizó un estudio en 84 mujeres con esa condición, en edades comprendidas entre 14 y 43 años, que acudieron a la consulta prenatal, del Servicio Autónomo Hospital Universitario “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá”, en Cumaná, estado Sucre, Venezuela, durante el período marzo-junio de 2006. Para ello se obtuvieron 84 muestras de suero para la determinación de anticuerpos IgA e IgM anti C-trachomatis a través del método de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas ELISA (Diagnostic Automation INC). Del total de muestras analizadas 16 (19,05 por ciento) y 55 (65,48 por ciento) resultaron positivas para la determinación de anticuerpos IgA e IgM anti C-trachomatis respectivamente. No se encontró asociación entre la presencia de estos anticuerpos con la edad de las pacientes, aunque el mayor número de pacientes positivas se ubicó en el intervalo de edades comprendidas entre 14 a 23 años. Asimismo al asociarse las manifestaciones clínicas genitales con la presencia de anticuerpos IgA e IgM anti C- trachomatis no se encontraron valores estadísticamente significativos. Por lo anteriormente expuesto se concluye que la infección genital por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres embarazadas es extremadamente frecuente, de manera especial en las edades comprendidas entre 24 a 33 años, y ocurre habitualmente en forma asintomática con las graves repercusiones que esto acarrea a la paciente, al feto y a su pareja.


In order to establish the frequency of IgA and IgM anti-C. Trachomatis antibodies in expectant women, a study was made of 84 women between the ages of 14 and 43, who attended prenatal consults in the Autonomous Service at the University Hospital “Antonio Patricio of Alcalá,” Cumaná, State of Sucre, during the March-June period, 2006. 84 serum samples were obtained to determine IgA and IgM anti-C. trachomatis antibodies using the immunoabsorption method connected to ELISA enzymes (Diagnostic Automation INC). Of the total samples studied, 16 (19.05 percent) and 55 (65.48 percent) resulted positive for the IgA and IgM anti-C. trachomatis antibodies, respectively. No association was found between the presence of these antibodies and the age of the patients, although the greater number of positive patients was in the 14 to 23 year age interval. Likewise, no statistically significant values were found between the association of clinical genital manifestations and the presence of IgA and IgM anti C- trachomatis antibodies; therefore, it was shown that Chlamydia trachomatis is presented asymptomatically in most cases. Conclusions were that genital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women is extremely frequent, especially for ages between 24 and 33 years, and it occurs habitually in an asymptomatic form with the serious repercussions that this produces on the patient, the fetus and the partner.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Pregnancy , Chlamydia trachomatis/virology , Genital Diseases, Female/pathology , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Prenatal Injuries/pathology , Gynecology , Public Health
18.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 31(1): 57-64, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631541

ABSTRACT

La arteria celíaca es un vaso corto que se origina en la cara anterior de la aorta abdominal. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las variaciones en las ramas de este importante elemento vascular, ampliando así la información existente al respecto. Se disecaron 50 especímenes de fetos venezolanos entre 25 y 39 semanas de edad gestacional, previamente fijados en formol al 10 por ciento y perfundidos con vinil rojo, observándose los siguientes hallazgos: A) En el 64 por ciento (32 casos) se observó la descripción clásica de ramificación, con las arterias gástrica izquierda, hepática común y lienal como únicas ramas; B) En el 28 por ciento (14 fetos) se encontró la emergencia de ramas adicionales como las arterias frénicas inferiores, pancreática dorsal, gástrica derecha, gastroduodenal y suprarrenal inferior izquierda; C) En el 4 por ciento la arteria hepática común no formó parte de las ramas de la arteria celíaca, dividiéndose ésta en las arterias gástrica izquierda y lienal con elementos adicionales como las arterias mesentérica superior y gástrica derecha; D) En el 2 por ciento las arterias gástrica izquierda y hepática común se originaron de la arteria celíaca, mientras que la arteria lienal se encontró formando un tronco con la mesentérica superior y; E) En el 2 por ciento no se localizó a la arteria celíaca y las tres ramas clásicas: gástrica izquierda, hepática común y lienal, emergían directamente de la aorta


The celiac artery is a short vessel that takes origin at the front surface of the abdominal aorta. The aim of this study is to describe the variability in the branching pattern of this important vascular element, thus expanding the information available. 50 Venezuelans fetuses ranging from 25 to 39 weeks gestacional age were dissected, previously 10 percent formalin fixed and perfused with red vinyl, with the following findings: A) In 64 percent (32 cases) classical description of branching was observed, with the left gastric artery, hepatic and lienal as unique branches; B) In 28 percent (14 fetuses) the emergence of additional branches as: inferior phrenic arteries, dorsal pancreatic, right gastric, gastroduodenal and left inferior adrenal arteries were seen; C) In 4 percent common hepatic artery was not part of the branches of the celiac artery, and it divided into the left gastric artery and lienal with additional features such as superior mesenteric artery and right gastric; D) In 2 percent the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery originated from celiac artery, while lienal artery was forming a trunk with superior mesenteric, and; E) In 2 percent was not found the celiac artery and the three traditional branches: left gastric, common hepatic and lienal, emerged directly from the aorta


Subject(s)
Humans , Aorta, Abdominal/pathology , Celiac Artery , Aortic Diseases/pathology , Fetus , Prenatal Injuries
19.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 116(1): 3-9, mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630517

ABSTRACT

La tecnología ultrasónica Doppler ha resultado ser una herramienta fundamental para la evaluación de la fisiología fetal, dando información importante sobre el estado hemodinámico fetal. Teniendo en cuenta que no sólo el desarrollo y crecimiento normal del feto y su bienestar intraúterino depende de una adecuada función de la circulación útero placentaria y feto placentaria, sino de otras estructuras orgánicas, es por lo que este método abre una línea de investigación dentro del campo de la fisiología fetal. El propósito de esta revisión es exponer de forma clara los conceptos relacionados con el desarrollo y fisiología de la respiración fetal abordando técnicas no invasivas de evaluación del bienestar fetal como la tecnología Doppler color y con la cual es posible estudiar el movimiento del líquido amniotico a través del flujo trasnasal. Es pues factible analizar, cualitativa y cuantitativamente, las ondas de velocidad de dicho flujo a través del análisis espectral de los movimientos respiratorios fetales, relacionados intimamente con la máxima producción de esteroides fetales responsables de la madurez pulmonar fetal. Se presentan las diferentes metodologías y recursos diagnósticos aplicados en los últimos años en la evaluación de los movimientos respiratorios en el bienestar fetal y su importancia. Se realiza una breve descripción de la fisiología y desarrollo del sistema respiratorio fetal


Doppler ultrasound technology has been the main tool for monitoring fetal physiology, giving important information about fetal haemodinamic status. We are aware that normal fetal growing and development and its intra womb wellbeing depends on an accurate uterus-placental blood circulation as fetal-placental, but with other organic structures, and this is the reason why this method opens a wide investigation line in the field of fetal physiology. Our purpose is to expose clearly the concepts involved in fetal breath development and physiology with non invasive techniques of fetal wellbeing such as color Doppler technology, by witch is possible to study the movement of amniotic flux through transnasal flux, as we can evaluate quantitatively by the velo-city waves of such flux through the spectral analysis of fetal breath movement, closely related to the higher production of fetal steroids responsible of fetal lung maturation. Different methodologies are presented and diagnostic resources applied in this last years over the bresth movements and its relation to fetal wellbeing and its importance. We also do a description of fetal breath system development and physiology


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Asphyxia Neonatorum/physiopathology , Asphyxia Neonatorum , Fetal Diseases/prevention & control , Prenatal Injuries/prevention & control , Amniotic Fluid , Fetal Movement/physiology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Prenatal Care/methods , Physiological Phenomena/physiology
20.
Femina ; 36(1): 47-54, jan. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-493990

ABSTRACT

A episiotomia persiste como um dos procedimentos mais realizados em obstetrícia em diversos países. Entretanto, embora venha sendo praticada por aproximadamente 250 anos, sua realização permanece controversa. Vários ensaios clínicos randomizados bem controlados foram publicados sobre o assunto, fornecendo evidências nível I. No presente artigo, os autores revisam as melhores evidências disponíveis pertinentes aos supostos benefícios percebidos para a episiotomia no passado, bem como aos seus efeitos deletérios. A episiotomia de rotina era anteriormente considerada pelos obstetras uma estratégia para proteger o períneo, o assoalho pélvico e o feto das lesões do parto, porém gradualmente tem se demonstrado tratar-se de procedimento desnecessário e prejudicial. Com o advento da Medicina Baseada em Evidências, os obstetras precisam considerar que os riscos de lesão materna superam os possíveis benefícios. Além de não proteger o assoalho pélvico, a episiotomia aumenta a freqüência de dor perineal, dispareunia, perda sangüínea, laceração do esfíncter anal, lesão retal e incontinência anal, sem reduzir as taxas de incontinência urinária ou melhorar os resultados neonatais. Quando realizada rotineiramente sem indicação precisa, a episiotomia foi descrita por Marsden Wagner como mutilação genital feminina, devendo, portanto, ser evitada. Em relação à prática da episiotomia, alguns autores sugerem que a melhor recomendação é representada pelo ditado: Não faça nada, sente-se!


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Episiotomy , Episiotomy/trends , Prenatal Injuries , Perineum/injuries , Pelvic Floor/injuries , Women's Health
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